1. instalar o mingw

  2. incluir o diretorio da pasta bin do mingw nas variaveis de ambiente (path) do windows

  3. nas configurações da extensão Compiler Run habilitar para executar em terminal externo

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  1. adicionar a flag -std=c17 para rodar com a última versão do compilador

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  2. c_properties.json

C:\\\\MinGW\\\\bin\\\\gcc.exe

{
    "configurations": [
        {
            "name": "Win32",
            "defines": [
                "_DEBUG",
                "UNICODE"
            ],
            "compilerPath": "C:/mingw-w64/x86_64-8.1.0-win32-seh-rt_v6-rev0/mingw64/bin/g++.exe",
            "intelliSenseMode": "gcc-x64",
            "browse": {
                "path": [
                    "${workspaceFolder}"
                ],
                 "limitSymbolsToIncludedHeaders": true,
                "databaseFilename": ""
            }
        }
    ],
    "version": 4
}
  1. Arquivo launch.json > "externalConsole": true
{
    // Use IntelliSense to learn about possible attributes.
    // Hover to view descriptions of existing attributes.
    // For more information, visit: <https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?linkid=830387>
    "version": "0.2.0",
    "configurations": [
        {
            "name": "gcc.exe - Criar e depurar o arquivo ativo",
            "type": "cppdbg",
            "request": "launch",
            "program": "${fileDirname}\\\\${fileBasenameNoExtension}.exe",
            "args": [],
            "stopAtEntry": false,
            "cwd": "${fileDirname}",
            "environment": [],
            "externalConsole": true,
            "MIMode": "gdb",
            "miDebuggerPath": "C:\\\\MinGW\\\\bin\\\\gdb.exe",
            "setupCommands": [
                {
                    "description": "Habilitar a reformatação automática para gdb",
                    "text": "-enable-pretty-printing",
                    "ignoreFailures": true
                },
                {
                    "description": "Definir Tipo de Desmontagem como Intel",
                    "text": "-gdb-set disassembly-flavor intel",
                    "ignoreFailures": true
                }
            ],
            "preLaunchTask": "C/C++: gcc.exe arquivo de build ativo"
        }
    ]
}

Rodar o arquivo sem criar o executável

CTRL + F5